Hazard datasets (WIP)#
Caution
Work in progress page!
TODO Past and future climate.
Data Providers#
TODO: keep this section? The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS) provides access to a wide variety of climate-related data, including observational data from ground-based instruments, satellites and other sources, reanalysis data, and environmental and climate model projections. Users need to sign up for an account on the CDS website and use the CDS API or the web interface to download the required data.
Tip
Check with your local meteorological service! TODO
General climate datasets#
TODO Quantities that characterize the Earth system. Basic properties of the atmosphere like temperature, wind, and precipitation amounts.
Observations#
TODO
E-OBS
Daily gridded observational dataset for precipitation, temperature, sea level pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and global radiation in Europe based on ECA&D information
- Dataset
- Temporal coverage
1950 to near-present
- Spatial coverage
25°N-71.5°N, 25°W-45°E
- Resolution
0.1° and 0.25° horizontal
CHIRPS
Rainfall Estimates from Rain Gauge and Satellite Observations
- Dataset
- Temporal coverage
1981 to near-present
- Spatial coverage
50°S-50°N
- Resolution
0.05° horizontal
Reanalysis#
TODO Recreations of the state of the Earth system by a computer model under the consideration of available observations. Reanalysis combines model data with observations into a complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Not merely an interpolation between observations, but inclusion of scientific knowledge about processes in the atmosphere etc. as encoded in the model.
Fig. 13 The three stages of reanalysis; the amount of observational data used for the RA per area unit increases from the global to the surface reanalysis as indicated by the arrows. (Source: UERRA data user guide)#
Fig. 13 shows different types of reanalysis and their relationship. Global reanalysis from global weather models. Limited-area models nested inside global models to refine reanalysis data for a specific region. Surface reanalysis based on models of the surface, with global or regional reanalysis data driving the surface model. From global to regional to surface, resolution and use of observations generally increases.
ERA5
Atmospheric reanalysis dataset produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), widely used in climate research, weather forecasting, and other applications. Includes an ensemble component at half the resolution to provide information on synoptic uncertainty.
- Dataset
hourly data on single levels, hourly data on pressure levels
- Temporal coverage
1940 to near-present
- Spatial coverage
global
- Resolution
0.25° horizontal
- In workflows
ERA5-Land
ERA5-Land has enhanced horizontal resolution compared to ERA5, but it covers only land areas. ERA5-land parameter uncertainty currently can be accessed using the equivalent ERA5 fields.
- Dataset
- Temporal coverage
1950 to near-present
- Spatial coverage
global
- Resolution
0.1° horizontal
CERRA: Copernicus European Regional ReAnalysis
Regional reanalysis for Europe. Inputs are the observational data, lateral boundary conditions from ERA5 global reanalysis and physiographic datasets describing surface characteristics.
- Dataset
single levels, pressure levels, height levels and land component
- Documentation
- Temporal coverage
1984 to 2022
- Spatial coverage
Europe, parts of the North Atlantic and North Africa
- Resolution
5.5 km horizontal
UERRA-HARMONIE & MESCAN-SURFEX
Regional reanalysis for Europe. Output from the Uncertainties in Ensembles of Regional ReAnalyses project.
- Dataset
single levels, pressure levels, height levels and soil levels
- Temporal coverage
January 1961 to July 2019
- Spatial coverage
Europe
- Resolution
11 km (UERRA-HARMONIE) and 5.5 km (MESCAN-SURFEX) horizontal
Climate Projections#
TODO Data from climate model simulations. Direct and bias-corrected. Runs often started in the past, provide not just future projection but also consistent dataset to represent the present climate.
CMIP6
Global climate model simulations produced for phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Daily and monthly projections of the historical and future climate from a large number of experiments and models under different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions.
- Dataset
- Temporal coverage
1850-2014 (historical), 2015-2100 (future)
- Scenarios
SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP4-3.4, SSP5-3.4OS, SSP2-4.5, SSP4-6.0, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5
- Spatial coverage
global
- Resolution
depending on model
CMIP5
Global climate model simulations produced for phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Daily and monthly projections of the historical and future climate from a large number of experiments and models under different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions.
- Dataset
- Temporal coverage
1850 to 2300 (depending on experiment)
- Scenarios
RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, 8.5
- Spatial coverage
global
- Resolution
0.125° to 5° horizontal (depending on model)
CORDEX: Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment
High-resolution regional climate model simulations for Europe, produced by a consortium of European research institutions. Boundary conditions for the regional climate models come from global climate models of CMIP5.
- Dataset
- Temporal coverage
1951-2005 (historical), 1989-2008 (evaluation), 2006-2100 (future)
- Scenarios
RCP 2.6, 4.5, 8.5 (depending on domain and model)
- Spatial coverage
- Resolution
0.11° to 0.44° horizontal (depending on domain and model)
- In workflows
Extreme precipitation,
Urban heatwaves,
Agricultural drought,
Heavy snowfall & blizzards
ISIMIP3b: bias-corrected atmospheric climate input data
The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) provides bias-corrected CMIP6 climate forcing data. The bias-adjustment corrects the simulated data towards corrected ERA5 reanalysis (W5E5).
- Dataset
- Documentation
- Temporal coverage
1601-1849 (pre-industrial), 1850-2014 (historical), 2015-2100 (future)
- Scenarios
SSP1-RCP2.6, SSP3-RCP7.0, SSP5-RCP8.5
- Spatial coverage
global
- In workflows
ECLIPS-2.0: bias-corrected EURO-CORDEX
80 annual, seasonal and monthly climate variables for two past and five future periods. Downscaled from output of five regional climate models driven by two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios.
- Dataset
- Documentation
- Temporal coverage
1961-1990, 1991-2010, 2011-2020, 2021-2140, 2041-2060, 2061-2080, 2081-2100
- Scenarios
RCP 4.5, 8.5
- Spatial coverage
EURO-CORDEX domain
- Resolution
30 arcsec horizontal
- In workflows
CHELSA-EUR11
Downscaled climate model output of temperature and precipitation estimates from the Climatologies at high resolution for the earth’s land surface areas (CHELSA) dataset.
- Dataset
- Documentation
- Temporal coverage
1981-2000, 1981–2005, 2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2051-2080, 2061-2080
- Scenarios
RCP 4.5, 8.5
- Spatial coverage
EURO-CORDEX domain
- Resolution
30 arcsec horizontal
- In workflows
Hazard-specific datasets#
TODO Datasets with pre-processing, event selection, additional modelling applied.
Floods#
JRC river flood hazard maps for Europe and the Mediterranean Basin region
Gridded inundation depth (in m) along the river network, for nine different flood return periods (from 1-in-10-years to 1-in-500-years).
- Dataset
http://data.europa.eu/89h/1d128b6c-a4ee-4858-9e34-6210707f3c81
- Spatial coverage
Most of geographical Europe and all the river basins entering the Mediterranean and Black Seas in the Caucasus, Middle East and Northern Africa countries. River basins > 150 km².
- In workflows
JRC global river flood hazard maps
Gridded inundation depth (in m) along the river network, for seven different flood return periods (from 1-in-10-years to 1-in-500-years).
- Dataset
- Spatial coverage
Global, except Greenland and Antarctica and small islands with river basins smaller than 500 km²
- Resolution
90 m (3 arcseconds)
WRI Aqueduct Floods Hazard Maps
- Dataset
- Documentation
- Temporal coverage
2010, 2030, 2050, 2080
- Scenarios
RCP4.5/SSP2, RCP8.5/SSP2, RCP8.5/SSP3
- Spatial coverage
global
- Resolution
30’’ x 30’’ horizontal
- In workflows
Deltares Global Flood Maps
Inundation maps of flood depth.
- Dataset
https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/dataset/deltares-floods
- Spatial coverage
global
- In workflows
Global sea level change indicators from 1950 to 2050 derived from reanalysis and high resolution CMIP6 climate projections
Statistical indicators of tides, storm surges and sea level that can be used to characterize global sea level in present-day conditions and also to assess changes under climate change.
- Dataset
- Temporal coverage
1950 to 2050
- Scenarios
SSP5-8.5
- Spatial coverage
global
- In workflows
IPCC 6th Assessment Report Sea Level Projections
Sea-level projections associated with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report.
- Dataset
- Spatial coverage
global
- In workflows
Heatwaves#
Heat waves and cold spells in Europe derived from climate projections
Number of hot and cold spell days using different European-wide and national/regional definitions developed within the C3S European Health service.
- Dataset
- Temporal coverage
1986 to 2085
- Spatial coverage
European region (approx. 27°N–72°N and 22°W–45°E)
- Resolution
0.1° x 0.1° regular latitude-longitude grid
- In workflows
Online Global Land Surface Temperature Estimation from Landsat
- Dataset
- Temporal coverage
past; depends on satellite
- Spatial coverage
global
- In workflows
Fire#
Fire danger indicators for Europe from 1970 to 2098 derived from climate projections
Projections of fire danger indicators for Europe based upon the Canadian Fire Weather Index System (FWI) under future climate conditions
- Dataset
- Temporal coverage
1970 to 2098
- Spatial coverage
Europe
- Spatial resolution
0.11° x 0.11° horizontal
- In workflows
30-Year Canadian Fire Weather Index Simulations over Europe: CMIP6-Informed Temperature and Precipitation Perturbations
30-year Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI), generated using the Global ECMWF Fire Forecast model, forced by ERA5 reanalysis data (1981-2010). Simulations incorporate perturbations in temperature and precipitation forcings based on CMIP6 climate projections under the SSP2-4.5 medium mitigation scenario.
- Dataset
- Temporal coverage
1981 to 2010
- Spatial coverage
Europe (geographical)
- Resolution
31 km horizontal
- In workflows
coming soon…
Wind#
Winter windstorm indicators for Europe from 1979 to 2021 derived from reanalysis
Climatological indicators on European winter windstorms and their economic impact derived from ERA5 reanalysis.
- Dataset
- Temporal coverage
1979 to 2021; October to March
- Spatial coverage
20°W-35°E, 35°N-70°N
- Resolution
1 km horizontal
- In workflows